文章信息/Info

Title:

Recycling and Utilization Technology for Cathode Materials of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries:from Basics to Practice

文章編號:

1674-3962(2024)06-0467-12

作者:

李佳峰; 田磊; 劉貴清; 張衛(wèi)清; 肖雷

1. 中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)礦業(yè)工程學(xué)院，江蘇 徐州 221116 2. 自然資源部離子型稀土資源與環(huán)境重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，江西 贛州 341000 3. 江蘇北礦金屬循環(huán)利用科技有限公司，江蘇 徐州 221000 4. 中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 煤炭精細(xì)勘探與智能開發(fā)全國重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，江蘇 徐州 221116 5. 中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)化工學(xué)院，江蘇 徐州 221116

Author(s):

LI Jiafeng;  TIAN Lei;  LIU Guiqing;  ZHANG Weiqing;  XIAO Lei

1. School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 2. Key Laboratory of Ionic Rare Earth Resources and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ganzhou 341000, China 3. Jiangsu BGRIMM Metal Recycling Science & Technology Co, Ltd, Xuzhou 221000, China et al.

關(guān)鍵詞:

鋰離子電池; 回收利用; 火法冶金; 濕法浸出; 生物浸出; 材料再生; 超臨界流體

Keywords:

lithium-ion batteries;  recycling;  pyrometallurgy;  hydrometallurgy;  bioleaching;  material regeneration;  supercritical fluids

分類號:

X705；TF803

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202308020

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

近年來，新能源汽車的逐漸普及帶動了動力鋰離子電池?cái)?shù)量的指數(shù)級增長，從而致使大量電池廢棄物產(chǎn)生，浪費(fèi)資源的同時(shí)對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，退役鋰離子電池的回收利用成為目前研究熱點(diǎn)之一。綜述了主要的退役鋰離子電池回收利用技術(shù)及其研究現(xiàn)狀。首先，介紹了鋰離子電池的分類及特征，討論了其回收的必要性與緊迫性。其次，總結(jié)了鋰離子電池預(yù)處理及分離方法，包括機(jī)械粉碎、磁選、篩分、化學(xué)溶解、熱處理等，著重分析了鋰離子電池正極材料的傳統(tǒng)回收利用技術(shù)，包括火法冶金、濕法浸出、材料再生等。最后，剖析了高效利用退役鋰離子電池的新技術(shù)，包括生物浸出技術(shù)、機(jī)械化學(xué)處理方法、電化學(xué)方法、超臨界流體技術(shù)以及微波/超聲波技術(shù)等。基于以上分析，總結(jié)和展望了退役鋰離子電池的回收和利用發(fā)展方向，為相關(guān)科研工作者和生產(chǎn)工作者提供借鑒。

Abstract:

In recent years, the gradual popularization of new energy vehicles has led to the exponential growth of power lithium-ion batteries. This results in a large amount of battery waste, which is both a waste of resources and a potential risk to the environment. Therefore, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is one of the current research hotspots. This paper summarizes the main recycling technologies for spent lithium-ion batteries and their research status. Firstly, the classification and characteristics of lithium-ion batteries are introduced, and the necessity and urgency of their recycling are discussed.Secondly, the pretreatment and separation methods of lithium-ion batteries are summarized, including mechanical crushing, magnetic separation, screening, chemical dissolution, heat treatment, etc. In addition, the analysis of the traditional recycling technologies of lithium-ion batteries cathode materials are focused, including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and materials regeneration. Finally, new technologies for the efficient utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries are dissected, including bioleaching technology,mechanochemical treatment, electrochemical methods, supercritical fluid technology, and microwave/ultrasonic technology. Based on the above analysis, the development direction of recycling and utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries is summarized and outlooked to provide reference for related researchers and production workers.