文章信息/Info

Title:

Multi-Scale Structures and Sensitivity of Insensitive Polymer Bounded Explosives

文章編號(hào):

1674-3962(2022)02-0108-09

作者:

黃輝; 黃亨建

（中國(guó)工程物理研究院 化工材料研究所，四川 綿陽(yáng) 621999）

Author(s):

HUANG Hui ;  HUANG Hengjian

(Institute of Chemical Materials (ICM), China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China)

關(guān)鍵詞:

不敏感炸藥; 安全性; 感度; 多尺度結(jié)構(gòu); 構(gòu)效關(guān)系; 協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)

Keywords:

insensitive explosive;  safety;  sensitivity;  multi�瞫cale structures;  structure�瞤erformance relationship;  harmoniousdesign

分類(lèi)號(hào):

TQ560.71

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202110012

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

不敏感炸藥是指對(duì)熱刺激、機(jī)械刺激和沖擊波等感度較低的一類(lèi)炸藥，包括不敏感單質(zhì)炸藥和混合炸藥，是提高彈藥安全性的關(guān)鍵材料。用于裝填武器彈藥的炸藥通常是以單質(zhì)炸藥為主成分（填料）、以聚合物為連續(xù)相或以熔鑄型含能化合物（如三硝基甲苯、二硝基苯甲醚等）或熱熔型石蠟為載體的混合炸藥。其中，聚合物粘結(jié)炸藥（polymer bonded explosive, PBX）是當(dāng)前發(fā)展不敏感混合炸藥的主流產(chǎn)品，廣泛應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)代武器彈藥。不敏感PBX的感度特性與其多尺度結(jié)構(gòu)密切關(guān)聯(lián)，主要包括單質(zhì)炸藥分子的結(jié)構(gòu)與穩(wěn)定性、炸藥分子的堆積方式與晶體結(jié)構(gòu)及晶體品質(zhì)、混合炸藥的組成結(jié)構(gòu)等與感度的關(guān)系3個(gè)層面的多尺度問(wèn)題。通過(guò)不敏感含能分子的設(shè)計(jì)與合成、晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)控與高品質(zhì)晶體降感技術(shù)、基于力熱耗散的高效協(xié)同降感技術(shù)及PBX構(gòu)效關(guān)系，發(fā)展不敏感炸藥多尺度系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控及制備，是獲得高能不敏感PBX的主要途徑。加強(qiáng)超分子單質(zhì)炸藥和共晶炸藥的設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)，及發(fā)展第三代單質(zhì)炸藥高品質(zhì)晶體降感技術(shù)等研究，是發(fā)展高能不敏感炸藥的重要方向。

Abstract:

Insensitive explosives are a kind of explosives with low sensitivity to thermal stimulation, mechanical stimulation and shock wave, including insensitive pure explosives and composite explosives，which are key materials to improve the safety of ammunition. The explosives commonly used for filling weapons and ammunition are composite explosives with pure explosive as the main component (filler), polymer as the continuous phase, or molten energetic compounds (such as trinitrotoluene, dinitrobenzene methyl ether, etc.) or hot-melt wax as the carrier. Polymer bonded explosive (PBX) is the mainstream product for the development of insensitive composite explosives , which is widely used in modern weapons and ammunition. The sensitivity characteristics of insensitive PBX are closely related to their multi-scale structures, mainly including three levels of multi-scale relationships between sensitivities and their corresponding molecules, crystals and compounds, i.e., molecule structure and stability, crystal quality and stacking mode, and composites composition and its structures. As a result, the main ways to obtain both high-energy and insensitive explosives are developing multi-scale system design, structure regulation and preparation of insensitive explosives, to be specific, including the design and synthesis of insensitive energetic molecules, the design and regulation of crystal structures and its high-quality crystal desensitization technology, the application of high-efficiency desensitization technology based on loading and heat dissipation mechanisms and the research of structure-performance relationships of PBX. Strengthening the design and research of supramolecular explosives and eutectic explosives and the research of high-quality crystal desensitization for third-generation pure explosives are important directions for the development of high-energy insensitive explosives.