文章信息/Info

Title:

Application of Transition Metal Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia

文章編號(hào):

1674-3962(2022)08-0617-07

作者:

陳語馨; 顧佳俊

（上海交通大學(xué) 金屬基復(fù)合材料國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，上海 200240）

Author(s):

CHEN Yuxin;  GU Jiajun

(State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

關(guān)鍵詞:

電催化; 氮還原反應(yīng); 過渡金屬; 氨產(chǎn)率; 法拉第效率

Keywords:

electrocatalysis;  nitrogen reduction reaction;  transition metal;  NH3 yield rate;  Faraday efficiency

分類號(hào):

O646；TB333

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202009029

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

氨是一種重要的化工原料和新型儲(chǔ)能物質(zhì)，但其傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)流程能耗巨大，且會(huì)排放大量的溫室氣體CO2。為了使人工產(chǎn)氨綠色化、環(huán)�；�，電催化氮還原反應(yīng)（nitrogen reduction reaction，NRR）成為了最具發(fā)展前景的人工產(chǎn)氨技術(shù)手段之一，但目前氨產(chǎn)率與法拉第效率仍未有較大突破，亟需探索新型催化材料。為了控制催化劑成本，結(jié)合已有催化劑電催化性能的表現(xiàn)，過渡金屬納米材料催化劑在當(dāng)今NRR研發(fā)工作中占據(jù)越來越高的地位。針對過渡金屬納米材料，從NRR的反應(yīng)機(jī)理（解離式機(jī)理、締合式機(jī)理與酶促式機(jī)理）出發(fā)，結(jié)合密度泛函理論（density functional theory，DFT）計(jì)算研究成果，綜述了過渡金屬氧化物、過渡金屬氮化物、過渡金屬磷化物、過渡金屬碳化物、過渡金屬硼化物、過渡金屬硫化物，以及上述化合物的復(fù)合材料在NRR領(lǐng)域的研究進(jìn)展，并對有利于提升氨產(chǎn)率與法拉第效率的研究策略做了總結(jié)，包括催化劑的晶面調(diào)控、尺寸與形貌調(diào)控、空穴調(diào)控、原子摻雜與應(yīng)力調(diào)控等。過渡金屬納米材料面向NRR領(lǐng)域的研究正在持續(xù)發(fā)展，不斷提升氨產(chǎn)率與法拉第效率，為未來NRR的工業(yè)化產(chǎn)氮提供了有力支撐。

Abstract:

Ammonia is an important chemical raw material and a new energy storage material. However, Its traditional manufacture process consumes a great amount of energy and emits much greenhouse gas CO2. In order to make the artificial ammonia production environmentally friendly, electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has become one of the most promising technical methods. Since there is still no dramatic breakthrough in NH3 yield rate and Faraday efficiency, it becomes urgent to explore new catalytic materials. As far as both cost control and electrocatalytic performances are concerned, transition metal nanomaterial catalysts are occupying an increasing position in today’s research and development work of NRR. Focusing on transition metal nanomaterials, starting from the NRR mechanism including dissociative mechanism, associative pathway and the enzymatic mechanism, this article summarizes the current NRR performances of transition metal oxides, transition metal nitrides, transition metal phosphides, transition metal carbides, transition metal borides, transition metal sulfides, the composites of above compounds composites, together with relevant density functional theory (DFT) clues. What’s more, a summary of strategies that are conducive to improving the NH3 yield rate and Faraday efficiency is given, involving the adjustment of crystal facet, size and morphology engineering, vacancy engineering, heteroatom doping, and strain engineering. In all, by constantly improving NH3 yield and Faraday efficiency, transition metal nanomaterials are continuously developing in the field of NRR, and providing strong support for the industrialization of ammonia production of NRR in the future.