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Title:: Progress in Optimization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture

Author(s):: LIANG Yu1; 2; QIAO Yong2; LIU Xingzhi2; 3; XU Zhongjuan2; 3; ZHU Xiaoli1; SUO Guangli2; （1.School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China) （2.Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China) （3. School of NanoTech and NanoBionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China）

Keywords:: three-dimensional culture (3D culture); mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); stem cell optimization; clinical application; spheroid

Abstract:: As an important branch of stem cell, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from the mesoderm at early embryonic development, which have shown great potentials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications due to their extensive sources, multilineage differentiation potential, low immunogenicity and selfrenewal ability. However, MSCs are still confronting challenges in clinical applications due to requirement of large quantity of cells for therapy, heterogeneity of cell quality, low survival ability after transplantation, the attenuation of MSCs characteristics in twodimensional (2D) culture and ambiguous mechanism of MSCs function for disease therapy. Threedimensional (3D) spheroid culture is widely regarded as a more preferable and closer physiological microenvironment for cells growth. Studies reported that 3D spheroid culture enhanced the characteristics of MSCs on cell survival, factor secretion, stemness maintenance, migration, antisenescence invitro and enhanced the capacities of antiinflammatory, angiogenesis, tissue repair and regeneration invivo. Therefore, 3D culture has broad application prospects in clinical application. In view of this, this article summarized the methods of 3D spheroid culture in vitro, and the spheroid biological characteristics and application briefly. Meanwhile, the prospects in future also have been discussed.